For many patients grappling with severe bruxism, the world of dental restorations has been a conundrum with limited options. The standard choices—including zirconia, porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM), and full-cast crowns—are effective but often bring their own limitations. But a transformative solution has been making waves in dentistry, one that mimics the brilliance of modern vehicle design, where crumple zones and safety features shield passengers from harm during an accident. Enter the era of 3D printed final restorations: a boon for patients, particularly those with a habit of grinding and gnashing.

 has aptly likened zirconia crowns to the vehicles of the 1960s and 1970s, robust and formidable on the outside but lacking the critical ability to absorb and distribute forces effectively. Zirconia, as we have come to know, can be unyielding, literally a piece of metal that can wreak havoc on opposing dentition. The analogy becomes more evident when you imagine fusing this unyielding material with a titanium implant, creating a setup that lacks the flexibility to cushion the blows of occlusal forces. Such rigidity can significantly increase the risk of implant failure and exacerbate wear on the opposing teeth.

Now, fast-forward to the 21st century, where dentistry is experiencing its own evolution. The equivalent of crumple zones and protective features in modern vehicle design can be found in 3D printed final restoration crowns. These remarkable creations possess the capacity to mimic the natural wear of tooth enamel, combining strength with a built-in fail-safe mechanism.

Pac-Dent’s Rodin Sculpture, a ceramic-filled nanohybrid 3D printable resin, measures an impressive 175 MPa, presenting a dental material closely approximating the natural properties of dentin (240 MPa) and enamel (270 MPa). When compared with more traditional alternatives such as PFM (340 MPa), 3M’s Filtek Supreme (395 MPa), Ivoclar’s IPS e.max (400 MPa), and contour zirconia (900+ MPa), it emerges as a standout choice, especially when compared with the cost of precious and nonprecious full cast options (

This 3D printed resin is not only strong but also exhibits the potential to mimic the wear and function of natural tooth structure. Its superior biomechanical compatibility, with properties that align more closely with natural dentition, makes it an optimal selection for dental restorations. The ability to endure the rigors of occlusal forces while providing a more natural feel and wear pattern positions printed resin as a remarkable advancement in dental material science, promising resilience and a restoration that closely replicates the function of the patient’s original dentition.

Printed resin also offers a unique property of breaking when necessary to protect the implant, the abutment, and, most importantly, the surrounding bone from the destructive forces of bruxism. The journey into the realm of 3D printed crowns has ushered in an era of resilience and cost-effectiveness. This is especially significant for individuals with a proclivity for grinding their teeth, a habit that can test the durability of any dental restoration. Heavy bruxers and grinders are known to exert formidable forces that can challenge even the most robust materials. In some extreme cases, perfectly placed implants and abutments have been snapped in half by the relentless lateral forces generated by bruxism. In such situations, 3D printed crowns become an invaluable alternative to traditional options like zirconia and PFM.

One important point to consider concerns insurance reimbursements for printed crowns. Although these crowns are technically resin-based, it is noteworthy that Pac-Dent played a pivotal role in advocating for their inclusion in the American Dental Association materials group approved as of 2023. Printed resins with filler content exceeding 50% are now recognized as ceramic restorations eligible for reimbursement, like PFM and zirconia.

What sets these printed crowns apart is their ability to be quickly and easily duplicated, ensuring patients can access cost-effective replacements with minimal hassle. This not only saves patients time and money but also averts the need for expensive subsequent surgeries in case of failure. Moreover, the balanced properties of these crowns have the potential to reduce wear and tear on opposing dentition, a critical consideration for long-term oral health.

Comprehensive 3D Printed Restorations for Implants #4 and #5

Good oral hygiene, recent extraction of teeth #4 and #5 due to severe decay and infection

John Doe presented to our dental clinic with a chief complaint of missing teeth #4 and #5, which recently had been extracted due to severe decay and associated infections. He was eager to explore the best options for replacing these teeth and was particularly interested in innovative, efficient, and cost-effective solutions.

Upon clinical examination and discussion with the patient, it was determined that the best course of action was to proceed with dental implants to restore the functionality and esthetics of his smile. I had successfully placed dental implants in the #4 and #5 positions. After 4 months, the implants had fully integrated with the bone, exhibiting excellent stability of 78 on the Osstell ISQ Scale and readiness for the next phase of treatment, which involved the fabrication of custom restorations.

In preparation for 3D printed restorations, digital impressions with implant scan bodies were taken using our state-of-the-art intraoral scanner, the Medit i700. This technology allowed us to create precise digital models of the implant sites and the surrounding dentition. The accuracy of these digital impressions is paramount for the success of the 3D printed restorations, ensuring a snug fit and natural occlusion.

The digital impressions were exported to exocad to meticulously plan the restorations. Each crown and custom abutment were designed to provide optimal occlusion, esthetics, margins, and comfort. The 3D design process allowed for the fine-tuning of every detail, ensuring that John’s new teeth would seamlessly integrate into his smile. I have initiated training for my assistant in crown design, and she has enthusiastically embraced this new responsibility. With exocad’s intuitive artificial intelligence crown design generation, she has even managed to create designs in under 5 minutes.

Once the designs were finalized, the crowns were uploaded to Ackuretta’s slicing software, ALPHA AI. Printing supports were automatically generated, and the design was ideally automatically positioned on the build plate of the Ackuretta SOL printer. The crowns were printed within an hour. We had a choice of utilizing either the Rodin Sculpture 2.0 or the Rodin Titan resins from Pac-Dent. The main difference was that the Titan has a flexural modulus strength much lower than Sculpture. Because this was only a 2-unit bridge and not much longer, without requiring the additional flexibility and high-impact strength, Sculpture 2.0 was selected. As for the custom abutments, those were milled by my local lab technician.

The restorations emerged with remarkable precision. These 3D printed crowns displayed the ideal combination of strength, esthetics, and durability, making them an excellent choice for implant restorations. The total estimated in-house cost, including the milled abutments, crown resin, and design labor, came to roughly $180.

Postcure procedures include the following crucial steps in the final preparation of the crowns: first, thorough cleaning with light brushing. The crowns are rinsed in 99% alcohol to remove any residual resin and contaminants, ensuring a clean and biocompatible surface. The printing supports are removed and all surfaces are trimmed and finished with a fine slow-speed acrylic carbide. Following this cleaning process, crowns undergo UV curing, which can be achieved using specialized equipment like the Otoflash G171 curing unit. This unit emits a controlled dosage of UV light to further enhance the crown’s full mechanical strength properties and biocompatibility, making it a critical step in the production of 3D printed restorations.

With the 3D printed restorations prepared, John returned to our clinic for the final phase. I conducted a meticulous assessment of the crowns, focusing on their fit and esthetics while ensuring light occlusion with anatomical contacts. Fortunately, no adjustments were necessary. The next step involved cementing the restorations with Rodin luting cement and bonding them to the abutments using Rodin Bond. To achieve the desired esthetic outcome, I employed the versatile Rodin Palette Naturalizing Kit, enhancing the restoration through a skillful application of stain and glaze (

This process elevated the overall shade, hue, and chroma to achieve optimal esthetics. The staining and glazing materials, designed specifically for 3D printed resins and resin based, allowed for convenient touch-ups during the seating process.

The result was a resounding success. John Doe’s new 3D printed crowns for teeth #4 and #5 fit flawlessly into his smile. Not only did they restore the functionality of his missing teeth, but the esthetics were so natural that they seamlessly blended with his existing dentition. He left our clinic delighted with his rejuvenated smile.

Nearly 4 months later, it is incredibly encouraging to note that John’s crowns continue to exhibit remarkable durability and resilience. The restorations showed no color or shade changes, and the surrounding tissues remained healthy. The biocompatibility of zirconia-filled resins appears comparable to that of contour zirconia.

In a compelling testament to the enduring quality of Rodin Sculpture’s 3D printed crowns, I had the privilege of connecting with Aaron Welch, DDS, another early 3D final resin adopter. Dr Welch provided documented evidence of printed crowns he had placed over 2 years ago, displaying minimal signs of wear and demonstrating their exceptional longevity in bruxism studies (

). This extended durability underscores the enduring excellence that this advanced approach to dental restorations offers to patients like John.

With 3D printed restorations, we have opened the door to a new era of affordable dental prosthetics, where precision, customization, and patient satisfaction take center stage.

1. Koutsoukis, T, Zinelis, S. 3D Printing and Ceramics in Dentistry: A Review of Current and Emerging Applications. Dentistry Journal, 2021;9(4), 41.

2. Popov, I, Stavropoulos, A, Vandeweghe, S. Comparative in-vitro Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PMMA and milled Denture Bases. BMC Oral Health, 2020;20(1), 175.

3. Ahrberg, D, Lutz, R, Furniss, D, Rueger, C. 3D Printing in Dentistry: State of the Art. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2018;7(9), 179.

4. Salmi, M, Tuomi, J, Paloheimo, KS. Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013:41(1), 47-50.

5. Willems, G, Lambrechts, P,Bream, M, Vanherle, G. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8272502/. National Library of Medicine –HIH – PubMed, (1993 Sep 1994).

6. 3M ESPE Filtek – 3M Center Building 275-2SE-3 St. Paul MN 55144-100 (2018). multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/629066O/filtektm-supreme-ultra-universal-restorative.pdf

7. CAD/CAM message board > Prosthodonitcs > Fixed Prosthodontics; Full Zirconia Vs. e.max Single Units. Dentaltown Message Board, dentaltown.com/images/dentaltown/magimages/0812/dtaug12pg46.pdf. Accessed Nov. 16, 2023.

8. Sun, Q, Sauvage, MC, Balani, K, Deng, X. Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering. Comparison to Traditional Dental Materials, 2017;10(8), 898.

9. Wang, Y, Huang, W, Yang, Y, Zhao, Y. Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 3D Printed Zirconia and CoCr Dental Restorations. Comparison to Traditional Dental Materials,2020;13(9), 2182.

10. Corbani K, Hardan L, Skienhe H, et al. Effect of material thickness on the fracture resistance and failure pattern of 3D-printed composite crowns. Int J Comput Dent. 2020;23:225-233. PMID:32789310

11. Gad MM, Alalawi H, Akhtar S, et al. Strength and wear behavior of three-dimensional printed and prefabricated denture teeth: an in vitro comparative analysis. Eur J Dent. 2023 Jan 20. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1759885. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36669653.

12. Mangano, FG, Hauschild, U, Veronesi, G, Imburgia, M, Mangano, C. Trueness and Precision of Four Intraoral Scanners in Oral Implantology: A Comparative In-Vitro Study. PloS One, 2018;13(9), e0202916.

13. Savoye, J, Benington, PR, Al-Sabek, FW, et al. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry. British Dental Journal, 2019;226(10), 761-769.

Articles

Pac-Dent’s products are helping usher in a new era of 3D printed final restorations, resulting in a boon for patients, particularly those with a habit of gnashing. 

Embracing 3D Printed Implant Crowns: A Revolution in Dental Restoration for Patients With Bruxism

Recreating the natural perfection and nuances of the human tooth in the esthetic zone using direct composite resin restorative techniques can be challenging, especially if that tooth is a single central incisor. With minimally invasive dentistry guiding restorative care and patients demanding efficient yet highly esthetic, natural-looking treatment outcomes, direct composite restorative dentistry has taken on increased importance as a viable treatment modality. The ability to restore an anterior tooth chairside offers practitioners the opportunity to present patients with a restorative solution that is more cost-effective and efficient than all-ceramic indirect options.

Fortunately, advancements and refinements in material and adhesive science have created direct composite material systems that minimize the loss of healthy tooth structure while maximizing the esthetic result. Today’s direct composite resin formulations offer better handling properties, a wide selection of shades, and a streamlined restorative process that reduces the number of incremental layers needed to achieve a highly esthetic, long-lasting outcome that blends seamlessly with adjacent dentition.

In the case presented here, a young, healthy male patient experienced a fractured maxillary central incisor (

) that was successfully restored using a 2-layer composite protocol developed to minimize chair time, simplify clinical protocols, and ensure a predictable, highly esthetic outcome.

For young adults, the permanent teeth most commonly affected by a traumatic event are the maxillary central incisors.

The patient in this case presented to the practice with an enamel-dentin fracture on tooth #8 that he wanted permanently restored to its natural shape and shade using the most timely, efficient method possible. The only plausible restorative treatment for an emergency case such as this was to restore the tooth using direct composite dentistry.

The patient’s lips were retracted (OptraGate; Ivoclar) and tooth #8 isolated. To provide the patient with a preview of the expected shape outcome and create a guide for composite layering, a composite material that most closely matched the shade of the patient’s fractured tooth (Tetric Prime A1; Ivoclar) was used to sculpt the desired length and shape of the tooth freehand (

) and then fabricate a silicone matrix (Template Ultra Quick Matrix Material; Clinician’s Choice) (

 as a template to guide composite layering and help with color analysis.

Once set, the matrix was removed as well as the freehand composite material. The tooth was cleaned and air abraded (MicroEtcher II; Danville Engineering) on the facial lower half and along the fractured edges as well as the lingual surface of the tooth to increase the bond strength of the composite resin to the enamel (

The tooth was isolated with Mylar strips and a 35% phosphoric acid etchant (Ultra-Etch Etchant; Ultradent) applied to the air-abraded dentin and enamel surfaces of the tooth (

), then rinsed and lightly air-dried. Next, a bonding agent (All-Bond Universal; BISCO) was applied to the air-abraded surfaces (

) and the matrix filled with the first layer of composite (Tetric Prime B1; Ivoclar) was compressed into place to create adaptation while recreating the lingual aspect of the tooth (

Next, extruded excess composite on the facial surface was carefully shaped and sculpted using a nonstick anterior composite instrument (IPCL; Cosmedent) (

). Subtle undulations along the incisal edge were created with a composite tool (P.K. Thomas #3; HuFriedyGroup) to mimic those of a natural tooth and the composite layer light cured (VALO X; Ultradent). The second and final layer of composite (Tetric Prime Bleach L; Ivoclar) was carefully placed, extending from the incisal edge up onto the healthy enamel (

A thin layer of a low-viscosity unfilled resin wetting agent (ResinBlend LB; Clinician’s Choice) was then applied (Dental Composite Brush #3; Cosmedent) to manipulate, thin, blend, and smooth the composite to its final shape and length (

) and then light cured. The last step was to finish and polish the restoration (

The result looked excellent, and the patient was pleased with the esthetics (

Restoring a single central can be one of the most challenging and difficult procedures in dentistry.

The ability to restore a fractured single central incisor to its natural shape and color in a simplified and predictable 2-step direct composite process opens the door of opportunity for general dentists challenged by the once highly technique sensitive and laborious multilayer protocols. Today’s patient values efficient, same-day procedures that save tooth structure, are cost-effective, and produce highly esthetic and natural-looking results.

1. Lam R. Epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic dental injuries: a review of the literature. 

. 2016;61(suppl 1):4-20. doi:10.1111/adj.12395

2. Apponi R, Murri Dello Diago A, Colombini V, Melis G. Direct versus indirect techniques to manageuncomplicated crown fractures of anterior teeth following dentoalveolar trauma. 

3. Lambert DL. Conservative aesthetic Solutions for the adolescent and young adult utilizing composite resins. 

. 2006;50(1):87-118, vi-vii. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2005.09.007

4. Winter R. Direct vs. indirect restorations for a maxillary central incisor. 

. November 20, 2019. Accessed Oct. 9, 2023. https://www.speareducation.com/spear-review/2019/11/direct-vs-indirect-restorations-for-a-maxillary-central-incisor

5. Hatkar P. Preserving natural tooth structure with composite resin. 

6. Tempel RA. The esthetic challenge of treating a single central incisor. 

A variety of products from Ivoclar can help patients receive efficient, same-day procedures that save tooth structure, are cost-effective, and deliver great esthetics. 

Using a Simplified 2-Layer Technique to Restore a Fractured Maxillary Central Incisor

Time is a critical factor in dentistry that can significantly influence a patient’s treatment experience, often determining the outcome and overall cost of care. The scenario of a patient experiencing tooth or jaw pain but delaying a visit to the dentist highlights the profound impact of time on oral health. There are different scenarios in which a patient may delay seeing the clinician, including but not limited to the following:

One common reason for delaying dental visits is potential anxiety. Many individuals experience fear or apprehension associated with dental appointments, leading them to postpone seeking professional care. Unfortunately, this delay can allow minor dental issues to progress into more significant problems.

Financial constraints often play a role in patients postponing dental visits. Concerns about the cost of treatments may deter individuals from seeking timely care. Paradoxically, delaying treatment due to financial reasons can lead to more substantial expenses eventually as conditions worsen.

The fast-paced nature of modern life and busy schedules also can contribute to delayed dental visits. Individuals may prioritize work, family, or other commitments over their oral health. This postponement may result in the exacerbation of dental problems that could have been addressed more effectively with timely intervention.

Unfortunately, this patient does not realize that the pain may worsen over time until few or no options remain. Dental pain, in the case of this fictional patient, can be a sign of underlying issues such as cavities, infections, or gum disease. When patients ignore or delay addressing this pain, the condition may worsen. What initially might have been a manageable concern can escalate into a severe and debilitating problem. It may get so bad that a tooth must be removed, which will be far more costly overall than if the patient had visited a clinician when the pain began.

This is an example of the complications that proactive dentistry can mitigate. Proactive dentistry, with its emphasis on preventive measures, underscores the importance of addressing dental issues early. Regular checkups, treatment planning, and sufficient patient education may enable dentists to identify and treat problems in their initial stages, preventing the need for more extensive interventions later. So, how does one take a dental practice from being reactive to proactive?

What might be the most obvious starting place, and the most vital, is taking stock of the dental practice’s armamentarium. A good armamentarium should aim to make the practice more efficient, offer more diverse treatment options, and become more clinically effective.

“Reactive dentistry typically means waiting until there are symptoms of a problem, [whereas] preventive dentistry includes employing strategies that can help prevent ever having a problem in the first place,” says dental hygienist Sarah Crow, RDH.

Crow has been a dental hygienist since 2005 and works at Salem Dental Arts in Massachusetts. She is a United States Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) trainer at EMS Dental as well as a senior executive consultant with the Cellerant Consulting Group. Crow is a vocal supporter and avid proactive clinician, aiming to keep her patients’ oral health at the forefront of the conversation. Crow insists that it is on the practitioner to take charge of their patient’s oral health journey.

“Dental technology is advancing rapidly, but you won’t see it if you’re not looking for it. Dental professionals have the responsibility to embrace lifelong learning. This requires taking action to learn about the latest and greatest in the field,” Crow says. “Our patients deserve to have access to these new technologies and it’s up to us as dental professionals to stay on top of the latest science.”

Cellerant offers clinicians valuable insight on products and technologies that demonstrate value in the dental practice. “Each year the Cellerant team collaborates on the latest technologies in the market and votes to award these dental product companies with the ‘Oscar of Dentistry,’ ” Crow says. “This nonprofit, unbiased team volunteers their time, seeking out top-tiered emerging and tried-and-true technologies to be recognized for their outstanding products.”

Technology is a key factor in the dental practice and an even more valuable tool in the preventive arsenal, according to dentist and Viome Scientific and Business Advisory board member Ed Zuckerberg, DDS, FAGD. “Advancements in dental technology, such as those introduced by Viome, are pivotal in transitioning dentistry from reactive to proactive and preventive. Thanks to technologies like digital imaging and saliva-based diagnostics, early detection tools and personalized treatment plans are now possible,” Dr Zuckerberg says. “These advancements allow for more precise, less invasive, and personalized care. They enhance patient education and engagement, promote continuous monitoring, and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of oral systemic health.”

Viome has a variety of dental products designed to protect and strengthen the “oral microbiome,” as it is described on the company’s website.

 One such technology offered through Viome is its Oral Health Pro.

“Viome’s Oral Health Pro with CancerDetect™ uses proprietary RNA sequencing technology and AI [artificial intelligence] to detect early signs of oral and throat cancers from a simple saliva sample. These technologies enable dental professionals to identify and address issues long before they become visible to the naked eye or cause symptoms, facilitating early intervention and preventing progression,” Dr Zuckerberg says.

The at-home saliva test is said to empower patients to take charge of their own oral health journey, with specialized plans that aim to personalize care, according to Dr Zuckerberg. “Advancements in dental technology allow for more personalized and effective treatment plans. For instance, Viome’s technology analyzes the gene expression of the oral microbiome and human cells, providing insights unique to each individual’s oral ecosystem,” he says. “This level of personalization means that dental professionals can tailor prevention and treatment strategies to the specific needs and risks of each patient, leading to better outcomes and more efficient care.”

The thesis of proactive dentistry is just this—early intervention coupled with personalized treatment plans that allow the clinician (and the patient) to detect and prevent any issues before they become serious problems. Because preventive care is so intrinsically tied to hygiene, hygienists also are potential advocates for proactive dentistry. Per Crow, there are a plethora of products and technologies that hygienists can harness to function as preventive guardians.

Importantly, the GBT protocol from EMS Dental is a minimally invasive methodology that aims to make the patient more comfortable while effectively assessing teeth and gums for biofilm. GBT moves through a variety of steps, outlined on their website

Assess teeth and gingiva for any issues after a rinse with mouthwash.

Disclose to patient by making the biofilm visible utilizing the EMS Biofilm Discloser.

Motivate the patient by reinforcing the importance of good oral hygiene and prevention.

Use the AIRFLOW® series to remove biofilm, stains, and early calculus. Also remove biofilm from gingiva, tongue, and the palate.

Use PERIOFLOW® nozzle to remove biofilm in pockets greater than 4 to 9 mm.

Remove the remaining calculus using the PIEZON® series of instruments.

Schedule the patient’s recall and see whether they liked the treatment.

Crow is a proponent of and an expert on GBT protocol, training clinicians in the United States on how to effectively implement this protocol in the dental practice. “What is the hygienists’ biggest battle in their workday, you ask? It’s time. Racing the clock to meet each patient’s needs every hour on the hour can be exhausting, leaving hygienists feeling burnt out and unsatisfied,” Crow says. “The GBT protocol allows hygienists to have more time during their appointments to employ preventive dental technologies. This painless approach relaxes patients, which helps lead them to agree to more frequent recare appointments and reenergizes the hygienist’s passion for their work.”

Another technology that Crow finds notable is VoiceWorks, a voice-activated periodontal charting software that lets clinicians share results with the patient, further reinforcing confidence in the treatment. According to Crow, this tool is a game changer.

“Allowing the patient to hear their probing results from a ‘third party’ validates the hygienist’s findings. This technology is a data-driven approach to evaluating the efforts set forth by the patient and assists in setting individualized recare frequencies based on these results,” she says. “This method allows for a comprehensive periodontal evaluation to be completed by a solo practitioner, and a resource to refer to from future appointments to gauge if the preventive treatment plan is working.”

Creating a preventive treatment plan can be challenging if the practitioner does not have a complete look at the patient’s tooth structure, gingiva, and whole mouth. That is why imaging technology like the CALCIVIS®Imaging System comes highly recommended by Crow, aiming to eliminate subjectivity and anxiety when it comes to proactive care.

The CALCIVIS Imaging System harnesses the power of bioluminescence to visually demonstrate the release of calcium ions from demineralized tooth surfaces. The practitioner takes an image of the tooth surface using the device, which contains an LED light. Once the LED is turned off and the CALCIVIS photoprotein is sprayed on the surface, the clinician then takes another image of the bioluminescence that is generated between the photoprotein and the calcium ions. This gives practitioners a first look, before even visual defects are observed, at any problem areas on the patient’s tooth, whether it be occlusal, labial, buccal, or lingual.

“The CALCIVIS Imaging device helps to bring those blurred lines into focus when it comes to preventing caries,” Crow says. “For patients to value and comply with preventive approaches, they need evidence that preventive treatment is necessary. A wise woman once said, ‘The mind can’t know what the eye can’t see.’ This could not be truer when it comes to our patients. Utilizing technology such as this reinforces the need for remineralizing varnishes and other interventions to aid in the stability of sound enamel structure.”

Imaging technology, particularly innovative solutions like CALCIVIS, holds immense potential in propelling dental practices toward a proactive approach to oral health. As dentistry evolves, these advanced imaging tools offer a transformative avenue forward, enabling practitioners to detect, diagnose, and address dental issues in their early stages.

Even something as straightforward as an intraoral scanner can fulfill proactive measures, acting as a strong visual aid for detecting any underlying problems. “Modern dental technologies also play a critical role in patient education and engagement. Intraoral cameras and digital scans allow patients to see and understand their oral health conditions, making them more likely to engage in preventive measures,” Dr Zuckerberg says.

A comprehensive report, consolidating various components of dental care like preventive strategies and risk assessments, serves as a valuable tool for patients and practitioners. This report harbors crucial information, findings, and recommendations, fostering a collaborative approach to oral health management that the patient may find empowering, according to Dr Zuckerberg. “Additionally, platforms like Viome provide detailed, accessible reports that help patients understand their oral health status and the steps they can take to improve it, fostering a proactive approach to their own health,” he says.

Empowering Patients for Their Own Preventive Paradigm

Although a patient may trust their practitioner as a source of information and care, there are many patients who can experience a sense of distrust and fear about dentistry. It can be normal to feel a bit of anxiety concerning the health of one’s mouth and body, but certain patients will shut down at the thought of listening to and even visiting the dentist. According to a study published in 

, there are a variety of reasons why a patient may not trust their practitioner.

Although building trust or confidence may feel like a monumental task, there are little steps that practitioners may take inside and outside of the operatory to encourage patients to take initiative on their own proactive oral health journey. This may begin by having more conversation with the patient, according to Crow.

“Motivational interviewing and asking open-ended questions help the patient to have that ‘aha’ moment. When they answer their own questions with the hygienist’s nudge and feel like they figure it out themselves without being told, it allows space for the patient to be a part of the conversation during their hygiene visit,” she says. “Most people don’t like to be told what to do but giving evidence of disease and allowing the patient to come to their own conclusions lessens the blow. For example, if you have a patient in your chair with generalized gingivitis, who you know is not brushing properly, do not tell them so. Applying a disclosing agent and letting the patient see with their own eyes the bacteria that is growing in their mouth allows them to put the pieces of the puzzle together, and realize they have control.”

Because home care is so key in prevention, Crow suggests that some of these conversations with patients focus on the home care aspect because it is something over which the patient has more control. “Detailed documentation of their current home care regimen and professional suggestions allow the hygienist to follow up on how the patient has been doing with their home care routine,” Crow says. “Noting the patient’s most recent home care efforts and relating this to the results of their assessments gives the patient the satisfaction of knowing that what they are doing is either working or not working. This in turn can motivate the patient to continue or modify their proactive oral care habits.”

Good home care is crucial in protecting gingiva, preventing biofilm buildup and caries, and empowering patients to feel in control of their oral health journey.

 Alternatively, prevention inside the practice can be bolstered by a tool that continues to be a huge boon in health care: AI. AI can provide patients with the supplementary evidence that they may need regarding their oral health care journey, according to Dr Zuckerberg. Although they may trust their dentist, seeing an intelligent machine reach the same conclusion can only reinforce this trust and encourage proactive dentistry.

“The true revolution comes with the integration of AI. AI’s ability to learn and adapt rapidly means that with every new sample analyzed, the system becomes more sophisticated and more nuanced in its understanding. This continuous learning process enables a level of precision and personalization previously unimaginable. AI doesn’t just analyze data; it discerns patterns, predicts outcomes, and recommends preventive measures, making it an invaluable tool in proactive dental care,” Dr Zuckerberg says.

“Moreover, as AI technology continues to advance, its potential applications in dentistry expand,” he adds. “From predicting the progression of periodontal disease to customizing treatment plans for individual patients, AI is empowering dental professionals to take a more informed, proactive approach to care. The result is more effective prevention, more timely interventions, and ultimately better overall health outcomes.”

Viome’s approach to analyzing the human oral microbiome is a pioneering fusion of advanced RNA sequencing technology and powerful AI algorithms. By combining these innovative technologies, Viome aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the complexities within the oral microbiome. This innovative approach not only enhances our understanding of the microbial community in the mouth but also empowers practitioners to take proactive measures in oral care.

“The power of RNA sequencing lies in its ability to provide a detailed look at the active, functional components of the oral microbiome. This allows for the detection of early biomarkers for conditions such as oral and throat cancer well before they manifest into more serious issues,” Dr Zuckerberg says. “Viome’s precision sequencing captures a comprehensive snapshot of the microbial and human gene expression, providing unprecedented insight into a patient’s oral health.”

Proactive care begins at the intersection of technology and patient participation, according to Dr Zuckerberg. “[AI is] redefining the very possibilities of what can be achieved. It’s a testament to the power of modern technology to improve lives and a clear signal that the future of dentistry is proactive, personalized, and preventive,” he says. “As dental professionals, embracing these advancements is not just an opportunity; it’s our responsibility to our patients and the future of health care.”

Although a dental practice may never be able to go truly proactive, there are ways to avoid falling back on reactive old habits. These may begin with recognizing when you are engaging in a proactive treatment plan vs a reactive one.

Reactive dentistry is what we know well, from fillings to root canals to even surgery and/or extraction. These treatments and cases are vital. Proactive care does not seek to discourage patients from getting important care, but instead asks whether something is preventable.

“By focusing on early detection, risk prevention, and the maintenance of optimal oral health, proactive dentistry not only ensures better oral health outcomes but also contributes to the overall well-being of the patient,” Dr Zuckerberg says. “On the other hand, reactive dentistry typically involves treating problems after they have manifested, often requiring more complex and invasive treatments. Proactive dentistry fosters trust and loyalty in patient relationships and aligns with the broader health care shift toward preventive care.”

Shifting to a “proactive-first” mindset instills more confidence in the dental practice, from the dentists to hygienists and even patients. Being equipped with the tools to function as a shield is what proactive dentistry is all about. And even in situations where dentistry must be done in a reactive way, clinicians still can set the groundwork for more proactive dentistry in the future.

“A reactive patient typically has had nonexistent or negative past dental experiences that give rise to their current condition. This type of patient’s mentality is often more difficult for the dental team to ‘undo’ and often requires a careful choreograph of words to help the patient value their dental health and guide them to an understanding that their oral health is within their control,” Crow says. “It’s important for a dental professional to embrace a proactive mindset because, as we know, most dental issues are completely preventable. As dental professionals we must remember the oath we so proudly proclaimed on our graduation day. This was to ‘improve the oral health of the public’ and that ‘prevention is preferable to cure of disease.’ ”

As mentioned by Dr Zuckerberg, health care has been at the forefront of proactive care, with regular, vital checkups that doctors can use to get a comprehensive view of a patient’s health. Pulling from general practice in health care, dental professionals can also engage in more proactive care. The oral-systemic link demonstrates that what happens in the mouth can reflect what is going on in the rest of the body.

 is linked to a variety of systemic illnesses, according to Dr Zuckerberg, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, and rheumatoid arthritis. There are abundant benefits of the collaboration between oral health professionals and doctors, according to Dr Zuckerberg.

“As a dental professional, I am deeply invested in the seamless integration of technology into dental care. I am a staunch advocate for a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to health care,” he says. “Fully aware of oral health’s significant impact on overall systemic health, I am committed to actively promoting a holistic approach to preventive care.…This awareness lays the groundwork for a collaborative approach, ensuring that each specialist appreciates the significance of their role in the broader context of the patient’s health.”

Although collaboration may seem easier said than done, a variety of tools and programs exist to ensure this gap has shrunk. “Attending health care seminars outside of dentistry and inviting these health care professionals to sit on dentistry’s professional associations’ board of directors can bring an outside perspective and provide insights in an otherwise uncharted territory,” Crow says.

The integration of diagnostic tools in the realm of health care not only enhances the understanding of a patient’s condition but also revolutionizes communication among health experts. This transformative shift, coupled with secure channels for information sharing, creates a new avenue for collaboration and enables comprehensive discussions about a patient’s health. This is particularly evident in dental practices where diagnostic tools play a crucial role in showcasing the intricacies of oral health and its potential impact on systemic well-being.

“I fervently champion the use of advanced diagnostic tools. Innovations like those pioneered by Viome provide profound insights into a patient’s oral and overall health, enabling more precise and personalized care,” Dr Zuckerberg says. “By sharing these insights and methodologies with fellow health care professionals, we cultivate a more comprehensive understanding and treatment plan for the patient.”

Oral health solutions. Viome. Accessed January 15, 2024. https://www.viome.com/products/oral-health-solutions

Guided biofilm therapy. EMS Dental. Accessed January 15, 2024. https://www.ems-dental.com/en/guided-biofilm-therapy

Where nature and technology meet. Calcivis. Accessed January 15, 2024. https://calcivis.com/#nature-and-technology

Moore R. Trusting the dentist—expecting a leap of faith vs. a well-defined strategy for anxious patients. 

Czwikla J, Herzberg A, Kapp S, et al. Effectiveness of a dental intervention to improve oral health among home care recipients: a randomized controlled trial. 

. 2021;18(17):9339. doi:10.3390/ijerph18179339

Oral-systemic health. American Dental Association. Updated September 11, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024. https://www.ada.org/en/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/oral-systemic-health

Dental care plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. However, the approach to care can vary significantly.

From Reactive to Proactive Dentistry

Despite the incredible number of continuing education courses so heavily focused on implants, sleep dentistry, TMJ, cosmetics, and other exciting topics claiming to transform your professional life, for the vast majority of dentists, 1 simple fact remains: We still do a lot of fillings.

And to many of us, fillings are stressful.

They are stressful for a variety of reasons:

If you don’t pack well, you could form a void.

If your increment is too large, you could fail to cure to the appropriate depth.

If your bond is contaminated, you’ll end up with an ugly brown line at the margin.

If your prep is too deep, you may fail to cure all of the composite, as some may be hiding under a wall of tooth structure.

Every time you cure with a curing light, the material shrinks away from the margin.

If you do all of the above perfectly, the patient may still experience sensitivity.

All of this, combined with the fact that fillings are less profitable, makes class IIs and buildups potentially the least exciting part of our professions.

For larger fillings and buildups, the concept of bulk-fill products is nothing new. The possibility of placing a large amount of flowable restorative material in 1 increment seems incredibly tantalizing, but many previous bulk-fill products have underperformed, as 2 problems became readily apparent. First, because of the unavoidable characteristic of any light-cured restorative product to shrink, these large restorations often display much higher-than-average overall shrinkage, creating poor marginal integrity, especially at a magnified level. This occasionally results in the dreaded “It wasn’t bothering me until you worked on it” scenario. Second, because these products were designed to fill deep preparations, clinical confidence in depth of cure has never been as consistent as it would be with shallower incremental composite placement. This is notably relevant with core buildups, as, especially with endodontic buildups, we have to contend with incredibly deep walls surrounding the deepest part of the prep or access.

SDI, a well-known and well-respected manufacturer of specialist dental materials since 1972, has recently introduced an innovative restorative product that aims to provide a better solution to the limitations in bulk-fill products.

Stela self-cure composite behaves like a highly filled flowable, made obvious by its opacity in radiographs and resistance to wear.

“Stela is an innovative high-performance self-cure composite. Stela offers an unlimited depth of cure and low-stress polymerization with a gap-free interface. There is no need to acid etch or light cure,” according to SDI’s website.

The SDI description continues, “Stela achieves its groundbreaking properties through a tailored combination of BPA [bisphenol A]–free resin monomers, optimized ionglass™ fillers (SDI’s bioactive proprietary hybrid glass), and specially surface-modified inorganic fillers. Stela’s outstanding mechanical properties come from a rapid curing reaction. The Stela monomers form polymeric chains and, simultaneously, these chains are rapidly and densely cross-linked to each other, forming a complex web that strongly binds the ionglass™ filler and the amorphous silica, resulting in a strong and resilient restorative material.

“The Stela snap set fast cure is due to an innovative hydroperoxide-based initiation system that is free of tertiary amine. This ensures fast-setting characteristics, good color stability, and an excellent conversion rate.

“Once cured, Stela’s matrix delivers consistent and reliable strength and durability for all restorations. The simple 2-step process minimizes operator errors and patient sensitivity with no etch or curing lights required. Stela is the solution for all your clinical needs.”

The syringe includes a small mixing tip, allowing the base and catalyst to mix just prior to placement in the preparation. Then, because of a special proprietary primer, which serves to replace traditional bonding steps, contact between the flowable restorative material and the primer immediately catalyzes polymerization originating at the deepest point of contact between material and primer, resulting in exceptional marginal integrity. This characteristic nearly eliminates the fear regarding whether a clinician’s curing light was able to cure to reach the needed depth, as the material will still cure and fully harden even in areas where traditional light curing is unable to penetrate.

More impressive is Stela’s track record regarding marginal leakage. This again is a major limitation seen in most bulk-fill products. Here Stela impresses, showing marginal shrinkage rates similar to and sometimes better than incremental composite fills.

There are many indications for utilizing Stela within our daily operative procedures. One such indication is for the temporization of hypersensitive fractured teeth. A Stela filling can be placed in 5 minutes without the need for water rinsing, thus providing a comfortable patient experience. Stela also works well as a bulk-fill restorative material in deep class I posterior restorations. Since the material requires no light polymerization, using Stela reduces the risk of gap formation caused by incomplete resin polymerization. Thus, Stela restorations result in less postoperative sensitivity than traditional composite restorations.

Stela can be used as a core buildup material in both vital and nonvital teeth. It is particularly useful for teeth with little remaining enamel, as Stela can successfully bond to dentin. Stela also exhibits superb masking properties when used as a core material for a prefabricated metal post, thus limiting the need for opaquing agents. Using Stela also helps save time when performing multiple posts and cores, as light curing is not necessary.

As mentioned earlier, this product also comes with its own bonding agent, a self-etch primer, thus eliminating the need for standard etch and bond techniques.

Members of the Catapult Education product review board were given the opportunity to test the SDI Stela product in their own clinical environments. After a period of evaluation, using the product in various restorative scenarios, these clinicians were asked to complete a survey about their experience using this product. Below are several comments that were made by various clinicians throughout the evaluation period:

“Within the world of dual paste, bulk-fill composites with the added benefit of some unmatched marginal integrity, this is a great option.”

“Excellent product in the correct application.”

“In a case of a large posterior deep restoration approximating the pulp where curing is not possible. Gives the ability to use a metal matrix and not worry about curing through a mylar band.”

“Less technique-sensitive steps, which is important in difficult situations and is timely. The 4-minute set time is nice to give patient a rest but gives back a lot of the time gained from doing fewer steps.”

“I like the BPA-free feature. More and more patients are asking about that.”

Simply put, there are not very many bulk-fill flowable materials that are BPA free and provide an unlimited depth of cure. Despite this, almost every dentist would have to admit that there are clinical situations in which such a product would be exactly what we need. Stela exhibits the benefits of excellent flow and masking properties, smooth consistency, fewer procedural steps, lower patient postoperative sensitivity, and decreased clinician eye fatigue (from absence of light curing). While several Catapult evaluators indicated a diversity in the ways that they plan to use the product, most agree on this point, and therefore, we are happy to award SDI the Catapult Vote of Confidence. Congratulations!

Clinical images courtesy of Kathryn Cole, DMD. 

SDI introduces an innovative flowable product with incredible marginal integrity. Catapult reviewers investigate Stela from SDI.

An Answer to the “Depth-of-Cure” Question With This Flowable Composite

For those of you not keeping score at home, I want to brag a little. In January 2023, I wrote an article on artificial intelligence (AI). The dental AI company Pearl had just received FDA clearance for several things, and I was excited for the future of AI in dentistry. Over the years, I’ve been asked to make a lot of predictions about the future. Some have been accurate, but many (most) have been a total swing and a miss. However, in January 2023, I predicted that 2023 would be “the year of AI in dentistry” and smacked that one out of the park (feel free to imagine me patting myself on the back here).

I knew that AI was growing in scope and being used in the background of many varied systems inside and outside dentistry, and I expected at some point in the not too distant future that we’d be seeing a lot more from the field. However, I’ll be the first to admit I never thought that within a month, AI would explode into being the technology sensation of the entire year.

As you probably know, an earthquake at sea is what starts a tsunami. Boats that are over the spot will hardly notice the energy released, but the shock waves travel outward, and when they get to the shallow waters of a coastline, that energy is converted into a massive wall of water.

Not to make light of such disasters or those affected by them, but I think the tsunami does a decent job of illustrating where I’m going with this. What I mean is that AI systems first began to be implemented into the back end of everyday technology approximately 8 years ago. In the beginning, they were crude forms and not very streamlined. As you all probably know by now, current AI systems are incredible and are only going to get better. What we are seeing now is the beginning swell of the wave.

Although you may not have felt the earthquake that triggered the giant wave, trust me that the shock waves have already passed you and are rapidly approaching the shore. I say that because you are already being helped by AI and might not even be aware of it.

We have been using Pearl in our office for well over a year now, and our experiences only continue to improve. I was recently on a call with some folks at Pearl, and we were discussing how I use the system as well as upcoming improvements. I was explaining that I open images in my practice management system and (because I work with multiple monitors) also view the image in Pearl on a second monitor. This allows me to compare the same radiograph side by side.

The Pearl team asked why I worked that way, and I explained that each system processes the data a little differently, which means the images appear a little differently and I can compare what I’m seeing. We went through several images as I used my normal workflow, comparing them side by side, and the Pearl team kept asking which image was better and why I felt that way.

Near the end of the call, I asked why they were so concerned about which image was better. Their response was, “Our goal is to increase your efficiency so that you only need to look at 1 image, and we want that image to be ours. We want Pearl to be the only imaging solution that you need to use.” That’s a great goal to have, and I’m impressed that Pearl is working toward that.

However, the AI wave is not only increasing our diagnostic capabilities but also our restorative capabilities. Two years ago, I decided to re-enter the world of in-office milling. I came back on board in 2022 when I began using the DGShape DWX-42W Plus mill.

Since then, I’ve fielded a lot of calls and emails from friends and readers about my experiences with a state-of-the-art mill, and a lot of those questions have to do with workflows. My personal philosophy when it comes to running my practice has always been to find good people who are good at what they do and then get out of their way and let them do it. So along those lines, from a staff of 16, we recruited 2 super assistants, “D-Rey” and “Boo-boo,” who have become our milling specialists. I continue to work in my everyday manner while they handle the design and milling of the restorations. I consider myself incredibly fortunate to have 2 team members who can handle these responsibilities.

But not every office is lucky enough to have 2 team members, let alone 1 team member, such as “D-Rey” and “Boo-boo.” A lot of the questions I’ve fielded regarding milling deal with the aspect of workflow and time. How do we schedule? Where do we find time to design and finish the restorations? How do we set patient expectations?

The good news is that AI is now entering the world of restoration design. That means if your office isn’t fortunate enough to have staff who are trained to design, you will be able to hand off that process to a system in the cloud that will design the restoration for you. Once the design is completed, you can approve or make any changes that you’d like.

As all doctors know, many parameters of tooth anatomy are identical. The same goes for occlusion on a specific tooth. We know what cusps occlude into which opposing fossa in most situations. Because many of these parameters are almost standardized, we can allow the AI to do most of the design. Once the system has given us a proposed design, the doctor or qualified auxiliary can make the necessary changes to fine-tune the design to best fit the patient’s unique situation. This is an extension of my philosophy to find good people and get out of the way. The only difference is that the word “people” changes to “systems.” Once you find an AI design system that meets your needs, let it do the mundane part of the design before the human being fine-tunes and approves the final file.

When It Comes to AI: Why Humans Will Always Matter

At SmileCon 2023 in Orlando, Florida, my buddies Marty Jablow, DMD, and Paul Feuerstein, DMD, and I did a group lecture on AI followed by a lengthy question and answer session with the audience. One of the best questions was from a hygienist who wanted to know, “Will AI replace my job?”

My answer to those of you asking is this: absolutely not! AI is going to make tremendous inroads in health care, but it will not replace human beings. I told this hygienist that “rather than needing fewer hygienists, I feel that the future will require more!” We are seeing life spans become longer and longer. In the not too distant future, what we are going to need is a large, well-trained hygiene workforce who will go into nursing homes and long-term care facilities. These offsite hygienists will screen, gather data, and then help provide care to patients who cannot be seen in a dental office due to their age or health status. Companies such as MouthWatch and its teledentistry platform TeleDent are already available to allow for data gathering and connecting dentists with these offsite hygienists.

In addition to offsite situations, AI will also allow us to gather treatment data more efficiently, which will allow a standard dental office to see more patients. AI will take over some mundane tasks and allow the humans to do what we as humans do best: take care of each other.

This reminds me of when we implemented Modento in our practice to communicate with our patients. After I announced the change in a meeting, I was approached by one of the team members whose job had been to call and confirm appointments. She came to me in tears and said, “Am I going to get fired? I don’t have a job anymore!” I assured her that she still had a job. I explained that her job was now to take care of the patients when they were in the office. She had a great personality that she used to help patients check in, answer their questions, and generally make them feel welcome. In all my years, I’ve never had to let an employee go due to technology taking over their job.

As with any new idea, machine, or technique, AI has the capacity to be used for great good but also great evil. Alfred Nobel (who set up the Nobel Prize to give back to humanity) invented dynamite, and he envisioned all the good it could do to help in construction of railroads and large buildings. It did accomplish those things, but what he didn’t realize was that nefarious people would also use it in devices designed to kill and maim during times of war.

AI has incredible potential. However, we need to consider all the repercussions of these new systems as they are designed and ultimately implemented. I have no doubt that AI will help humanity accomplish amazing things and help amazing numbers of people. However, I welcome those naysayers or those who see a potential for adversity with it. We must consider all the angles and make sure we are doing the right thing. AI and machine learning are going to allow us to amplify the great things our profession can do. Let’s enjoy the ride!

Chief Dental Editor and Technology Editor John Flucke, DDS, reflects on artificial intelligence’s impact and how vital it might become in 2024.

Is Artificial Intelligence in 2024 a Need or a Want?

Digital dentistry is no longer a hobby for the tech enthusiast dentist. Many companies provide solutions for your practice that offer improved workflows and enhanced treatment possibilities. I have been fabricating restorations chairside since 2006 and have enjoyed seeing the technology improve almost as fast as you might see a new smartphone come to market.

It remains my firm belief that the category of digital dentistry would not be as profound without a concurrent explosion of growth in available materials. When I started, we had a couple of options including composite and leucite glass-ceramics such as Empress from Ivoclar. Today we have dozens of incredible materials, and recently I had a chance to try out the new material from GC America: the GC Initial LiSi Block.

The GC Initial LiSi Block is a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. At its core, lithium disilicate has incredible esthetics like the classic Empress but demonstrates a much higher level of strength. This creates an expanded indication for the material that can be used in the anterior as well as the posterior.

Before I try any material in our office, I look for research to corroborate any claims made by a company. In this case, GC again demonstrated its commitment to excellent peer-reviewed clinical research. I was able to find articles demonstrating the GC Initial block had acid dissolution similar to zirconia restorations, 2-year studies showing 100% longevity, and confirmation of the high compressive strength of the material.

One advantage of these blocks is that they have been crystallized prior to milling. Another characteristic of this material is the use of High Density Micronization (HDM) in the block fabrication. HDM is significant in that it utilizes smaller crystals that are dispersed in higher density as compared with other lithium disilicate materials. In their research, GC America’s scientists found this reduces the risk of microfracture within the restoration following milling. It also improves resistance to wear and decreases the abrasion against the opposing tooth better than the average ceramic.

The fact that the block is precrystallized is comforting because this means it was fired under the manufacturer’s optimized protocol. This saves time at the practice and reduces the potential for distortion in thin areas of a restoration fired chairside.

Of course, with all this research, I still need to know the real-life clinical impact. Milling a crystallized block improves my time in delivering the final restoration. The workflow goes from scanning, designing, and milling the restoration right into final polishing before seating. It was nice to find that GC America has videos on its website featuring useful tips on how to properly polish the restoration prior to cementation.

With GC Initial LiSi Blocks, the good news is that you can stain and glaze the restoration if you want to add characterization, and the blocks are designed to work cohesively with the GC Initial Spectrum Stain system. With GC Initial LiSi Blocks you have a range of B1, and A shades from A1 down to A3.5. Each is available in high translucency and low translucency.

With research and block choice completed, I finally got a chance to try out the material. The preparation guidelines are like those of other lithium disilicates. Years ago, we found that our preparations improved when we started scanning them. There is nothing like seeing your own crown prep blown up on a computer monitor. The technique that I have found works well is to prep down at least another half-millimeter to a full millimeter. It is not that the Initial LiSi necessarily needs the additional thickness, although it certainly gets stronger in this case. I just prefer additional room to create variable and lifelike anatomy in the restoration for esthetic purposes, especially in the premolar and first molar locations.

[SPONSORED] Jeff Rohde, DDS, shares his experience using GC America’s Precrystallized GC Initial LiSi CAD/CAM blocks in his clinical practice.

Dental Products Report February 2024

Embracing 3D Printed Implant Crowns: A Revolution in Dental Restoration for Patients With Bruxism

Using a Simplified 2-Layer Technique to Restore a Fractured Maxillary Central Incisor

From Reactive to Proactive Dentistry

An Answer to the “Depth-of-Cure” Question With This Flowable Composite

Is Artificial Intelligence in 2024 a Need or a Want?

Dental Product Test Drive: GC America’s Precrystallized CAD/CAM Blocks Save Time Without Compromise

Starting the Year With Good Cybersecurity

Do I Need AI to Do My Job?