Case Western Reserve University

	Recording smartphone video “selfies” of tooth-brushing can help people learn to improve their oral health care techniques, according to a new study. 

	Using smartphones propped on stands, study participants filmed their brushing at home. Researchers saw an increase in the accuracy of brush strokes, an increase in number of strokes and an overall eight percent improvement in tooth-brushing skill-but the length of time a person brushed did not change. 

	While most people have the ability, motivation and desire to brush their teeth properly, they often do not because of improper techniques-and opportunities to improve such skills can be few.

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	“Often, tooth-brushing is learned and practiced without proper supervision,” said Lance T. Vernon, a senior instructor at the 

Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine

 and co-author of the study. “Changing tooth brushing behaviors-which are ingrained habits tied to muscle memory-can take a lot of time and guidance.” 

	“Our study suggests that, in the future, recording these selfies can help shift some of this time investment in improving brushing to technology,” added Vernon. “Patients can then receive feedback from dental professionals.”

	The very act of recording a selfie may disrupt ingrained habits, making participants conscious of their brushing and reinforced staples of behavior change, including the process of memory formation, association and creating new muscle memory.

	While the results of this small pilot study, published in the 

, are promising, researchers suggest that these findings are of more importance in proving the selfie concept is useful in a dental setting.

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	Video and picture selfies are increasingly used in medical fields to assess, monitor and determine the progression of diseases and effectiveness of treatment-a new area of gathering data known as mobile health, or “mHealth”-said Vernon. 

	“To our knowledge, this is the first report using selfies to study tooth-brushing behavior,” he said. “It’s a start at an mHealth strategy to create new habits, helping dentists and patients focus more on prevention, rather than on fixing problems once they occur-which can too often be the focus in dentistry.”

	Before the study, participants’ brushing habits were assessed and corrected until each were able to demonstrate proper technique. During the study, they were scored on time spent brushing and skill mastery, including brushing in a circular motion, obtaining a 45-degree angle while brushing facial surfaces of teeth and correct positioning of the arm.

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	Looking ahead, researchers envision a video-based monitoring app, which could record videos of patients brushing at home that are later reviewed by oral health professionals.

	“The cost of an app could be minor, while potentially there could be major long-term benefits to a user’s oral health and quality of life,” Vernon said. “Dental care can be inaccessible because of cost and access. It’s possible dental selfies and other ‘mHealth’ strategies on phones can become an important part of oral health prevention and diagnosis in the future.”

	Tooth-brushing helps avert preventable oral diseases, such as tooth decay and periodontal disease, although its effectiveness depends on brushing technique; currently, there is no standard brushing technique consistently recommended by dental organizations or even by oral health experts, Vernon said.

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	The study was co-authored by Rooban Thavarajah, professor of oral and maxillofacial pathology/ microbiology at Ragas Dental College & Hospital in Chennai, India; Arunachalam Mohandoss Anusa, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute in Nellikuppam, India; and Theodore Walls, an associate professor at and co-director of Center for Health Monitoring and Intervention Behavioral Science in Kingston, Rhode Island.

	In other research, Vernon explores the link between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease in HIV-positive adults. His future research involves a prevention-focused coaching approach to promote oral health. 

Articles

Recording smartphone video “selfies” of tooth-brushing can help people learn to improve their oral health care techniques, according to a new study.